#antidote

• Alcohol therapy — The therapeutic use of alcohol (especially purified ethanol) as a curative or palliative agent; a historical or emergency medical method whereby alcoholic solutions are administered externally (as a disinfectant, antiseptic, or counterirritant) or internally, in specific and strictly controlled cases, such as an antidote in acute methanol or ethylene glycol poisoning.
• Anavenom — An animal venom (from a snake, scorpion, bee) structurally modified through thermal or chemical treatment (usually with formaldehyde) to completely lose its direct destructive toxicity while keeping its antigenic power intact. This immunological substance is injected in controlled doses to stimulate the production of specific antibodies (antivenom) or for desensitizing allergic patients.
• Antiserum — Blood serum (obtained from previously immunized humans or animals) containing a high concentration of specific antibodies directed against a particular antigen, virus, bacterium, bacterial toxin, or venom. In medical and emergency practice, antiserum is administered to provide immediate passive immunity, rapidly neutralizing dangerous pathogens or toxins released into the body before the patient's immune system can react.
• Antitoxic — Neutralizing, blocking, or combating the harmful action of toxins, poisons, or noxious chemical substances that have entered the body. It typically applies to biological immunoglobulin sera (antitoxins), hepatic detoxification treatments, or protective equipment specially designed to nullify the lethal effect of complex chemical compounds.
• Antivenom — A biological serum or immunoglobulin pharmaceutical preparation obtained from the plasma of immunized animals, used as an emergency antidote to neutralize specific toxins introduced into the body by the bite or sting of venomous animals (snakes, scorpions, spiders). The macromolecular substance binds directly to circulating venom molecules, blocking their attachment to cellular receptors and preventing lethal neurotoxic or hemolytic effects.
• Antivenomous — Combating, nullifying, or neutralizing the effects of venom; destructive in relation to biological toxins injected by reptiles, insects, or arachnids. It is used almost exclusively in the phrase 'antivenom serum', designating an injectable therapeutic solution containing antibodies ready and capable of blocking the spread of poison within the circulatory system.
• Atropinize — To subject an organism to the action of atropine, by therapeutically administering this alkaloid in controlled doses until the first clinical signs of impregnation appear (such as mydriasis or drying of secretions); a procedure structurally used as an emergency treatment in massive poisonings with cholinesterase inhibitors to counteract toxic muscarinic effects.
• Atropinization — The act of atropinizing and its result; an emergency medical protocol consisting of the controlled and progressive administration of atropine to a patient poisoned with neurotoxic or organophosphorus substances. This structural process aims to completely block muscarinic receptors to halt bronchial hypersecretion, bradycardia, and respiratory collapse until clinical signs of impregnation are achieved.