#conflict

• Abstention — The conscious and voluntary act of refraining from an action or from exercising a legal or political right; deliberate omission driven by conscience, prudence, or strategy. In procedural law, it denotes the obligation of a judge or official to recant themselves from presiding over a case involving a conflict of interest or bias.
• Abstention — The act of refraining and its result; the voluntary refusal to perform an act, consume a substance, or express a political or legal choice. In constitutional and administrative law, it denotes the formal option of a member within a deliberative body to vote neither in favor of nor against a proposal, often acting as a strategic tool or an ethical obligation in case of a conflict of interest.
• Exacerbate — To become or cause to become more acute, intense, sharp, or severe; a process by which a latent or chronic medical condition suddenly transitions into a critical phase with violent symptoms. On a social, economic, or political level, the verb describes the extreme intensification of a conflict, the worsening of a pre-existing crisis, or the amplification of structural misunderstandings.
• Agon — A fundamental concept from ancient Greece denoting a public contest, match, or athletic, literary, or musical competition; in modern sociology and anthropology (e.g., Roger Caillois), it describes the category of games or cultural activities based on structured competition and rivalry.
• Agonistic — Relating to competition, struggle, or ritualized conflict; in ethology and behavioral psychology, it describes a suite of social interactions (including aggression, threat, submission, or retreat) displayed between members of the same species.
• To aggravate — To make a situation, a state of mind, an economic crisis, or a medical condition heavier, more severe, more dangerous, or harder to bear; to amplify the negative intensity of a phenomenon. In its reflexive form, it describes the process by which an illness or social issue evolves spontaneously or due to external factors toward a critical or chronic stage.
• Altercation — A heated discussion, noisy quarrel, or violent verbal dispute between two or more people, generated by a divergence of opinions and which often risks degenerating into acts of physical aggression.
• Amicable — Being understanding, friendly, benevolent, or conciliatory; relating to disputes, conflicts, or litigations that are resolved peacefully through direct talks, negotiations, or agreements between parties, without resorting to courts of law or coercive measures.
• Andartes — A member of the Greek nationalist guerrillas who fought in Macedonia at the beginning of the 20th century against Bulgarian armed bands and Ottoman authorities; a fighter in the Greek resistance during World War II. The term structurally defines a Hellenic insurgent or partisan driven by patriotic ideals in Balkan conflicts.
• Animosity — A feeling of hostility, deep antipathy, hidden hatred, or resentment steadily manifested between two or more persons or social groups. This behavioral phenomenon translates into heightened interpersonal tensions, frequent disputes, and a structural psychological resistance to any attempt at reconciliation or harmonious communication.
• Antagonism — A diametrical, irreconcilable, and deeply intense opposition between two mutually exclusive forces, ideas, interests, or tendencies. In biology and pharmacology, the term denotes the interaction between two substances, organisms, or anatomical structures in which the action of one counteracts, diminishes, or completely inhibits the other.
• Antagonistic — Manifesting, containing, or characterized by antagonism; deeply hostile, incompatible, and in a permanent state of structural or functional opposition. It applies to relationships, behaviors, or forces whose components actively work against each other, preventing harmony and generating latent or overt conflict.
• Antagonize — To provoke antagonism, to arouse someone's hostility or opposition through defiant behavior, adverse decisions, or provocative statements. In a medical or biochemical sense, it represents the action of counteracting, neutralizing, or canceling the effect of a substance, hormone, or drug via an opposing agent.
• Anti-Greek — Manifesting, promoting, or containing prejudice, hostility, aversion, or hatred directed against the Greek people, Hellenic culture, or the Greek state; Hellenophobic. Historically, it describes social movements or polemical writings oriented toward limiting the economic monopoly of Greek factions.
• Strikebreaker — Opposing a strike, refusing to participate in a union protest, or acting to undermine it; as a noun, a person who continues to work during an officially declared labor dispute or a worker brought in by management to replace strikers (scab / strikebreaker).
• Antinomy — An insoluble contradiction between two laws, two legal provisions, or two philosophical theses that are equally logical, rational, and seemingly demonstrable; in the Kantian system, it represents the inevitable conflict into which pure reason enters with itself when trying to conceive the infinite or the absolute through the phenomenal world.
• Anti-papal — Opposing the Pope of Rome, pontifical authority, or the institution of the Papacy; exhibiting a critical, hostile, or rebellious attitude toward the decrees, dogmas, or political and territorial interests of the Holy See.
• Anti-Zionism — A doctrine, attitude, or political and ideological movement that opposes Zionism; an orientation that criticizes or rejects the idea of Jewish self-determination, the creation, or the legitimacy of the existence of the State of Israel as a national homeland for the Jewish people. This complex political concept takes various forms, ranging from geopolitical criticisms directed at Israeli government policies within the Middle East conflict to religious, secular, or ideological oppositions manifested across different global cultures.
• Anti-Zionist — Opposed to Zionism, the idea of Jewish self-determination, or the legitimacy of the existence of the State of Israel; a proponent of anti-Zionism. As an adjective, it describes public discourses, diplomatic resolutions, protest demonstrations, or political doctrines that criticize the Israeli state structure and government actions. As a noun, it denotes a person who challenges the principles of the Jewish nationalist movement for political, religious, or ideological reasons.
• Anti-Zionist — The feminine form of antisionist; a woman, organization, faction, or political measure demonstrating opposition to Zionism or challenging the legitimacy of Israeli state structures. The term characterizes ideological stances or civic associations engaged in economic boycott campaigns, journalistic criticism, or diplomatic resistance against policies in the Near East.