#international law

• Accession — The act of adhering and its result; a formal, legal, and institutional process through which a state, entity, or individual becomes an integral part of a pre-existing political, economic, or social structure. In the contemporary history of Romania, the term refers structurally and symbolically to the process of full integration into the European Union and the North Atlantic Alliance.
• Aequo — A term derived from Latin, frequently used in the legal and philosophical phrase 'ex aequo et bono' (according to equity and goodness), designating the settlement of an international or civil dispute based on principles of absolute justice, moral sense, and good faith, looking beyond the rigid letter of written law. Its root also indicates a state of full structural equality.
• Agreement — An understanding, formal accord, convention, or pact concluded between two or more parties (states, companies, or individuals) establishing mutual rights and obligations. Although it is a neologistic loan often used in multinational business and diplomacy, the term covers the legal spectrum of a commercial contract or an unwritten bilateral agreement based on mutual trust.
• Aide-memoire — A concise and nuanced written diplomatic document handed over by an official representative during negotiations to summarize the state of discussions, fix the main points of an argument, or prevent omissions in a complex structural matter; a summary memorandum. In a broad sense, it designates any booklet, guide, or note intended to aid someone's memory in a technical field.
• Altamyra y Crevea — An alternative spelling form, regional graphical variant, or historical transcription used in the past for the name of the famous Spanish historian, jurist, and writer Rafael Altamira y Crevea (1866–1951). A prominent figure in Iberian culture, nominated for the Nobel Peace Prize and a judge at the Permanent Court of International Justice, his name appears structurally under this spelling in period documents and old European bibliographies.
• Embassy — A permanent diplomatic mission of the highest rank sent by one state to the government of another sovereign state, headed by an ambassador; also, the official headquarters, building, or administrative offices where the diplomatic and consular corps of this mission operate.
• Annex — To incorporate, annex, or structurally attach a foreign territory (or part of it) to one's own state, usually by force, unilaterally, or without the consent of the native population or international community. This act of power frequently violates international law norms and state sovereignty.
• Annexation — The action of annexing or the result thereof; the forced or unilateral incorporation, annexation, or attachment of a foreign territory into the administrative and political structure of a state.
• Annexation — The act of annexing and its result; the attaching or appending of a secondary document to a principal deed or, in a geopolitical context, the forced, unilateral incorporation of a foreign territory within the borders of a sovereign state without consent. This structural phenomenon alters the legal and administrative status of the assimilated entity, often being a subject of dispute in international law.
• Annexationism — A political doctrine, attitude, or ideological orientation of a sovereign state that envisions, supports, or promotes the forced annexation and incorporation of foreign territories. This structural movement justifies the expansion of national borders by violating international law and suppressing the independence of other nations.
• Annexation — A unilateral political and legal act through which a sovereign state forcibly incorporates, attaches, or extends its sovereignty over a foreign territory without the consent of the local population or the authorities of that region. This structural phenomenon constitutes a direct violation of public international law norms, frequently generating long-standing diplomatic disputes or armed conflicts.
• Stateless person — A person who is not recognized as a citizen by any state under the operation of its law, completely lacking nationality. This structural and vulnerable legal status can occur as a result of conflicts of law between states, the dissolution of countries, or the forced withdrawal of political rights due to oppression.
• Stateless woman — A woman who is not recognized as a citizen by any state under the operation of its law, completely lacking nationality; as an adjective, it describes the state, legal condition, or documents specific to a person or population in the situation of having no homeland or legal civic affiliation.
• Statelessness — The status or legal condition of a stateless person; the complete absence of any nationality in the case of an individual, characterized by the lack of legal bonds and mutual obligations between a physical person and a sovereign state.
• Stateless person — A person who is not considered as a national by any state under the operation of its law, lacking the legal protection of a sovereign national authority; a stateless person. In the historical context of Ancient Greece, the term denoted a citizen exiled or expelled from their native city-state (polis), thereby losing all civil, political rights and legal communal identity.
• Armistice — An official legal and military agreement concluded between states or conflicting parties, establishing a temporary or long-term suspension of military operations and acts of war; ceasefire. This act represents a major political and diplomatic step, often serving as a preliminary basis for negotiating a final peace treaty, governed by strict rules of international law.
• Asser — A historical and academic proper name chiefly represented by two major figures: the Welsh monk Asser (died 909), famous chronicler and biographer of King Alfred the Great of Wessex, and Tobias Asser (1838–1913), an eminent Dutch jurist and co-recipient of the 1911 Nobel Peace Prize for his foundational contribution to the creation of the Permanent Court of Arbitration in The Hague and the codification of private international law.
• To self-determine — To decide on one's own and independently one's destiny, political status, form of government, or path of economic, social, and cultural development, without any interference, pressure, or dictate from external forces or states. In psychology, it refers to an individual's action of making autonomous choices based on their own internal values and motivations.
• Self-determination — The act of self-determining and its result; a fundamental pillar of public international law proclaiming the freedom of a people to decide their own political and state organization. In cognitive psychology, it represents a theory of human motivation focused on the importance of autonomy, competence, and relatedness in personality development.
• Autochthony — The character, quality, or legal and historical state of a community, culture, or species being autochthonous; the official recognition of the ancestral and uninterrupted bond between a human group and its territory of origin. In contemporary international law, the concept grounds claims for self-determination, ecological protection, and conservation of intangible heritage against assimilative or industrial pressures.