#loanword

• After hours — A neologistic phrase borrowed from English, initially used in economics and finance to denote stock market trading conducted outside official operating hours. In current urban slang, the phrase has expanded to designate parties, clubs, or social events that start late at night or at dawn, after classic venues have closed.
• Agarlâc — A historical and regional term of Turkish origin, used in the past in the Romanian Principalities to designate a large tent, a canopy, or a mobile textile structure utilized by Ottoman dignitaries or military commanders during field campaigns; by extension, a military camp or a set of tents specific to pashas. Structurally, it reflects the Ottoman lexical and material influence on military logistics and vocabulary during the 17th and 18th centuries.
• Aga's office — A term of Turkish origin used in the past to designate the office, dignity, authority, or jurisdiction of an aga; by local extension, it can also refer to the administrative headquarters, office, or territory under the direct command of this medieval police authority during the Ottoman or Phanariot periods.
• Novice — A person who completely lacks experience, skill, or proficiency in a specific field, craft, or profession; a naive beginner, dilettante, or novice who is just starting an activity and makes mistakes due to lack of practical knowledge. As an adjective, it describes behavior or actions marked by clumsiness and lack of training.
• Agem — A historical and religious term used in medieval Romanian and ecclesiastical documents (originating from Arabic via Turkish) to designate a person of Persian (Iranian) origin; by cultural or geographic extension, the name referred to the Safavid Persian Empire, often in geopolitical competition with the Ottoman Empire, or to communities and luxury goods brought from those oriental regions.
• Archaic chimney form — A rare or archaic term of oriental (Ottoman) origin used in the past in commercial charters or regional dialects to designate a type of stove, fireplace, hearth, or smoke exhaust chimney (bugeag/ogiac); by extension, it can indicate a simple shelter, a hut, or a rudimentary house with an open hearth.
• Novice — A person lacking experience, skill, or elementary knowledge in a certain field of activity; a beginner, novice, or amateur who makes mistakes due to lack of practice; in a historical sense, it represented a newly recruited soldier (especially in the Janissary corps) or an inexperienced young slave.
• Agiato — A technical musical term of manner or execution indication from Italian, meaning easily, comfortably, quietly, or at ease; it prescribes the performance of a composition or musical fragment in a moderate, relaxed tempo, free of structural haste.
• Octopus — An old, regional, or popular name borrowed from Greek for the octopus (or other eight-armed cephalopod mollusks); a legendary marine animal described in old folk books (such as the Physiologus) as a bizarre creature with many legs. In an archaic literary sense, the term was used to illustrate gigantic marine creatures or abyss monsters.
• White-headed ram — A traditional term of Ottoman origin used in the past by shepherds in Romanian villages to designate a ram or a sheep that has a completely white head, while the rest of its body features dark or spotted shades; as an adjective, it describes a domestic animal possessing this unique structural chromatic characteristic. This word reflects archaic pastoral terminology and empirical methods of classifying livestock based on visual fur patterns, being frequently used in folk ballads and old household inventories.
• Fishpond — A regional or archaic term used especially in Moldavia and Transylvania to designate a pond, a fishpond, or an artificial basin specially developed for breeding, reproducing, and harvesting fish. The structure implies a dam or a controlled water accumulation through drainage channels.
• Trade — A regional or archaic phonetic variant of the word 'aleșveriș' (alșveriș / ișveriș), derived from the Turkish term 'alışveriş', historically used in the Romanian Principalities to designate commercial activity, trade, buy-and-sell transactions, or financial business. In a colloquial or figurative sense, it can refer to a hidden agreement, speculation, or a combination of interests.
• Alim — A term borrowed from Arabic (ʿālim) via Ottoman Turkish channels, historically used within Islamic communities in Dobrogea and the Balkans to designate a scholar, theologian, or profound expert in sacred Quranic texts and Islamic jurisprudence. In old local dialects, the word also carried the figurative meaning of an extremely wise person, well-respected for his vast knowledge.
• Alleluia — A liturgical form and religious acclamation of joy and praise to God, originating from the Hebrew language (haleluyah) and literally translated as 'praise Yahweh (God)'. Universally used in Christian (Orthodox, Catholic, Protestant) and Jewish rites, it represents a song of victory and thanksgiving chanted during key moments of religious services, or a sacred choral composition based on this text.
• Tawny owl — A term borrowed from Italian or used as a rare loanword in ornithology to designate the tawny owl (Strix aluco), a medium-sized nocturnal bird of prey in the family Strigidae, featuring large dark eyes and a brownish-gray plumage that provides perfect camouflage on tree bark. Figuratively, in Italian and occasionally in literary slang, the term describes a dull, dazed, simple-minded, or easily fooled person.
• German — A rare historical term or old variant borrowed from Slavic or Oriental languages to designate a German person or, as an adjective, an element pertaining to German culture. In several European and Asian languages (such as Turkish or Persian - 'alman'), it is the standard name used for the German people, appearing sporadically in late medieval Romanian diplomatic documents.
• Archaic caftan variant — An archaic or regional term originating from Turkish, historically used within certain Balkan or Dobrogea communities to designate a type of long coat, caftan, cloak, or embroidered vest, made of broadcloth or velvet, worn as part of traditional period clothing or ceremonial attire.
• Altgeige — A name borrowed from German for the viola or an alto violin; a stringed musical instrument played with a bow, structurally larger than a classic violin and tuned a fifth lower, having a characteristic deeper, warm, and melancholic timbre.
• Mercy — An interjection of Turkish origin historically used to express a desperate plea for mercy, forgiveness, or help in critical moments; mercy!, pity!. As a neuter noun, it describes the state of grace, quarter, or respite granted to a defeated opponent who surrenders, deeply rooted in the legal-military customs of the Ottoman influence era in the Romanian Principalities.
• Aman Allah — An exclamatory formula or invocation originating from the Islamic world, literally translated as 'God's mercy' or 'Lord, have mercy!'. In old Romanian literature, historical chronicles, and Balkan folklore, it was utilized to express a profound state of amazement, extreme fear, despair, or a desperate plea for protection from imminent danger.