#poisoning

• Acrodynia — A complex clinical syndrome characterized by intense pain, erythema, swelling, paresthesia, and desquamation of the hands and feet, often accompanied by severe neuropsychiatric disorders and tachycardia due to mercury poisoning.
• Alcohol therapy — The therapeutic use of alcohol (especially purified ethanol) as a curative or palliative agent; a historical or emergency medical method whereby alcoholic solutions are administered externally (as a disinfectant, antiseptic, or counterirritant) or internally, in specific and strictly controlled cases, such as an antidote in acute methanol or ethylene glycol poisoning.
• Anilism — A chronic or acute intoxication caused by the absorption of aniline or its derivatives into the body, primarily encountered as an occupational disease in the chemical and textile industries. The structural manifestation of this pathology includes severe cyanosis, caused by the formation of methemoglobin in the blood, headaches, vertigo, respiratory distress, and hepatic or renal impairment, requiring strict occupational safety monitoring in production spaces.
• Argyrism — A pathological state and ensemble of systemic clinical manifestations that characterize chronic poisoning with silver or its salts. This nosological complex includes not only the specific cutaneous pigmentation (argyria) but also potential structural or functional alterations in other organs, such as silver deposition within the renal framework (mechanical glomerulonephropathies) or localized ocular irritations, representing a major entity in occupational medicine.
• Arsenic poisoning — A pathological state determined by chronic or acute poisoning with arsenic or its derived compounds; an occupational or accidental disease manifested by severe digestive disorders, characteristic skin lesions (hyperkeratosis, melanoderma), peripheral neuropathies, and hepatorenal damage. In clinical toxicology, the diagnosis is structurally established by detecting the presence of the metalloid in hair, nails, or urine.
• Arsenemia — The pathological presence or quantifiable concentration of arsenic in the blood. Evaluating the level of arseniemia constitutes an essential toxicological parameter for diagnosing acute or chronic poisoning with this heavy metal, occurring through industrial exposure, contaminated drinking water, or accidental ingestion.
• Ataxo-adynamia — A complex clinical syndrome characterized by the simultaneous association of ataxia (lack of voluntary movement coordination) with adynamia (pronounced and severe decrease in muscle strength). It represents a state of intense motor and vital collapse, encountered as a major manifestation during grave neurological disorders, severe brainstem lesions, or in cases of acute toxic poisoning (such as that caused by toxic mushrooms).
• Atropinization — The act of atropinizing and its result; an emergency medical protocol consisting of the controlled and progressive administration of atropine to a patient poisoned with neurotoxic or organophosphorus substances. This structural process aims to completely block muscarinic receptors to halt bronchial hypersecretion, bradycardia, and respiratory collapse until clinical signs of impregnation are achieved.
• Atropism — A chronic pathological condition or systemic poisoning caused by the repeated and abusive use of atropine or other deadly nightshade preparations; a form of dependency or structurally altered tolerance of cholinergic receptors toward the effects of this toxic alkaloid. This phenomenon causes severe functional changes in the autonomic nervous system, manifested through visual, cardiac, and behavioral disorders.
• Autotoxin — A toxic substance spontaneously or pathologically produced by one's own organism (through altered cellular metabolism, tissue degradation, or immune dysfunctions), capable of poisoning cells or triggering inflammatory and destructive reactions within the same body. This structural phenomenon underlies the understanding of self-intoxication processes and many chronic autoimmune diseases.