#symptoms

• Aquaphobia — A pathological, irrational, and persistent fear of water or contact with it, manifested even in situations devoid of actual danger. This structural anxiety disorder can be triggered by the presence of large bodies of water (lakes, seas) or simple daily activities, such as bathing or showering, generating panic attacks and severe avoidance behaviors.
• Adenalgia — Pain localized within a gland or a lymph node, occurring independently or as a secondary symptom within inflammatory, infectious, or tumor processes. This clinical phenomenon manifests through heightened sensitivity to palpation and persistent structural discomfort, requiring clinical investigations to determine the exact etiology of the nodal involvement.
• Adenophthalmia — An inflammatory ocular condition characterized by the swelling, congestion, and irritation of the Meibomian glands or other adnexal glands of the eye (such as lacrimal glands), often accompanied by conjunctival involvement. This structural pathological phenomenon causes local discomfort, altered tear secretion, and a foreign body sensation, requiring antiseptic treatment and rigorous ocular hygiene.
• Adenoidism — A constitutional pathological state, encountered especially in children, caused by the chronic hypertrophy of adenoid vegetations. This structural phenomenon disrupts normal development and manifests through a complex clinical picture: permanent mouth breathing, characteristic facial appearance (adenoid facies), sleep disturbances, hearing loss, and an increased predisposition to respiratory infections.
• Adynamia — A state of extreme muscular weakness, profound physical exhaustion, and a severe decrease or complete loss of the body's motor strength; this structural and functional condition is encountered as a major symptom in grave infectious diseases, endocrine disorders (such as Addison's disease), shock states, or advanced malnutrition. It differs from ordinary fatigue by the actual physical inability to perform even elementary movements.
• Adiposuria — The pathological presence or elimination of fat droplets or lipid substances in the urine, occurring as a result of severe metabolic disorders, degenerative kidney lesions, or fat embolisms. This urinary structural phenomenon alters the macroscopic appearance of the fluid, requiring laboratory microscopic and biochemical analyses to identify the underlying cause of the deficient filtration within the renal glomeruli.
• Numbness — A transient pathological or physiological state characterized by the partial or total loss of tactile sensitivity and voluntary mobility in a specific region of the body, often associated with tingling or prickling sensations. This phenomenon shares characteristics with paresthesia and occurs due to mechanical compression of peripheral nerves, poor blood circulation, or as a symptom of neurological disorders.
• Anaplasmosis — An infectious, non-contagious disease caused by gram-negative bacteria of the genus Anaplasma, primarily transmitted through tick bites (especially Ixodes). The condition affects both animals (notably ruminants and dogs) and humans (human granulocytic anaplasmosis). Clinically, it manifests structurally at the blood cell level (where the bacteria parasitize leukocytes or erythrocytes), causing high fever, chills, severe anemia, muscle aches, headache, and leukopenia.
• Anasarca — A severe clinical syndrome characterized by generalized and massive edema, consisting of the pathological and excessive accumulation of serous fluid throughout the subcutaneous cellular tissue, accompanied by fluid effusions in the major serous cavities of the body (pleura, pericardium, peritoneum). This critical structural state represents an advanced manifestation of serious disorders, such as decompensated heart failure, nephrotic syndrome, decompensated liver cirrhosis, or severe protein malnutrition.
• Androblastoma — A rare androgen-secreting tumor located in the ovary (also known as a Sertoli-Leydig cell tumor) or testis, developing from the embryonic structures of primitive sex cords. Structurally, this neoplastic proliferation frequently induces clinical phenomena of virilization and secondary masculinization in female patients, requiring precise histopathological diagnosis and surgical excision.
• Anuric — Suffering from anuria, characterized by the complete absence or severe pathological reduction of urine excretion (less than one hundred milliliters in 24 hours) due to acute renal failure or an obstruction in the urinary tract; (noun) a patient presenting this critical clinical picture.
• Appendicalgia — A clinical syndrome characterized by the presence of a localized pain in the right iliac fossa, occurring at the level of the vermiform appendix, without being accompanied by the typical acute or infectious signs of true appendicitis. It is often a functional or chronic manifestation requiring differential diagnosis.
• Apragmatism — A profound disorder of behavior and volition, characterized by an individual's pathological inability to initiate, plan, and execute practical, useful, or goal-directed actions of daily life, despite preserved elementary intellectual capacities. This structural phenomenon represents a major negative symptom, frequently encountered in schizophrenia, severe depressive states, or frontal lobe syndromes, leading to social isolation and total inactivity.
• Apraxic — Suffering from apraxia or pertaining to apraxia; a person affected by the loss of the ability to execute voluntary coordinated and goal-directed movements, despite intact basic motor and sensory functions. In a structural clinical sense, the term describes clinical manifestations, behaviors, or cerebral lesions associated with the inability to plan and sequence movement schemas.
• Apraxia — A neurological disorder characterized by an individual's pathological inability to execute coordinated, intentional, and goal-directed movements or gestures, despite completely intact elementary motor functions (strength, tone, reflexes) and sensory pathways. This structural phenomenon is caused by lesions located in the association areas of the cerebral cortex, particularly in the parietal or frontal lobe.
• Aprosexia — A severe form of attention disorder, characterized by the absolute or partial pathological inability to concentrate, fixate, and maintain mental focus on an object, stimulus, or activity. This structural phenomenon frequently occurs in states of intense chronic fatigue, brain trauma, severe neurotic episodes, or various degenerative psychiatric conditions.
• Arsenic poisoning — A pathological state determined by chronic or acute poisoning with arsenic or its derived compounds; an occupational or accidental disease manifested by severe digestive disorders, characteristic skin lesions (hyperkeratosis, melanoderma), peripheral neuropathies, and hepatorenal damage. In clinical toxicology, the diagnosis is structurally established by detecting the presence of the metalloid in hair, nails, or urine.
• Asialia — The complete absence or severe pathological diminution of saliva secretion in the oral cavity; an extreme form of xerostomia. This structural clinical phenomenon is caused by salivary gland atrophy, neurological lesions, radiation therapy side effects, or systemic autoimmune diseases such as Sjögren's syndrome, hindering mastication, deglutition, and phonation.
• Asomatognosia — A structural neurological and body schema disorder characterized by a patient's inability to recognize, identify, or perceive a part of their own body or the entire body as belonging to them; this clinical phenomenon is usually caused by focal lesions localized in the right parietal lobe of the non-dominant cerebral hemisphere and often manifests within unilateral spatial neglect syndrome.
• Asthenia — The definite articulated form of the noun 'astenie'; it represents a pathological state of chronic fatigue, intense exhaustion, decreased muscular strength, and lack of physical or mental energy that does not disappear after rest; it often manifests during seasonal transitions or as a secondary symptom in infectious, endocrine, or neurological conditions.