#civil law

• Right of habitation — A dismemberment of the right of property (a strict variety of the right of use) that grants a person (the holder) the real and non-transferable right to live in and use an immovable property owned by another person (the bare owner), exclusively for satisfying their own and their family's housing needs.
• Abjudication — The act of abjudicating and its result; the legal deprivation of a person's property, patrimonial right, or official status following a definitive court ruling. It represents the procedural act by which the court revokes a legal title invoked by one of the parties, establishing the lack of legal basis or the existence of fraud in its acquisition.
• Abolition / Repeal — The act of abolishing and its result; the official abolition, annulment, suppression, or repeal of a law, custom, public institution, or legal social status, through an act of public authority.
• Abnégation / Abolition (archaic variant) — The complete, etymological, and traditional noun form denoting the official abolition, annulment, suppression, or repeal of a law, custom, institution, or legal social status, through an act of public authority. In modern Romanian, it is used less frequently than its shortened variant 'abolire' or the legal variant 'aboliție'.
• Abomination (archaic variant) — The complete, etymological, and traditional noun form denoting an act, behavior, or situation of extreme wickedness or ugliness, causing profound revulsion, horror, spiritual disgust, or absolute moral condemnation. In modern Romanian, it is used less frequently than its shortened variant 'abominație'.
• Ademption — A legal act or manifestation of will by which a testator revokes or cancels, in whole or in part, a specific bequest previously made in their will. This structural revocation typically occurs when the property constituting the object of the bequest has been alienated, destroyed, or radically transformed by the testator before their death, thereby depriving the testamentary disposition of its original object.
• Adjunction — Union, joining, or structural addition of a secondary element to a main body or system; in civil law, it represents a form of property accession whereby two goods belonging to different owners are materially united into a single whole without losing their initial identity, such that their separation would become prejudicial. In logic and programming, it describes the operation of directly connecting variables or arguments within a linear structure.
• Judicial adjudication — An archaic and regional variant for the term 'adjudecare' (award/adjudication), representing the legal act by which a court authority or an auction committee definitively assigns the ownership of an asset or the execution of a work to the person who offered the best price. Used in old civil procedure codes to sanction the forced transfer of property.
• Adjunction — An obsolete and purely etymological form of the term 'adjuncție' (adjunction) or 'adjudecare' (in certain old contexts), used historically in academic or legal language to describe the act of formally adding or annexing a territory, a right, or an asset to a primary property. In classical civil law, it denoted a method of acquiring property by joining two movable goods belonging to different owners.
• Female administrator — A woman holding the official position of managing, organizing, and governing the material, financial, and human resources of an institution, commercial company, homeowners association, or private assets. Her role is to represent the managed entity in legal relations, ensuring proper operation and asset preservation.
• Affinity — 1. Mutual attraction, deep sympathy, spiritual compatibility, or harmony of characters between people. 2. The legal relationship established by marriage between one spouse and the relatives of the other (affinity). 3. The tendency of chemical substances to combine. Generally, a structural or conceptual similarity.
• Aliquot — The feminine form of the term aliquot; an exact subdivision of a whole that is contained within it a determinate and integer number of times, leaving no remainder. In analytical laboratory chemistry, it represents a volumetric liquid or solid portion precisely extracted from a homogeneous sample, while in the legal field it defines an ideal, abstract, and fixed share of a common patrimony, usually expressed as a fraction or percentage.
• Aliquot — An admitted orthographic and phonetic variant of the term 'alicotă'; a volumetric portion precisely extracted from a homogeneous mixture in chemical analytical laboratories, or an ideal, abstract, and fixed share of a common or inherited patrimony in civil law. In number theory, it describes a component part that perfectly divides a whole without leaving a remainder.
• Alienability — The quality or legal character of being alienable; the lawful capability of an asset, right, or property title to be validly transferred, sold, donated, or assigned from one patrimony to another. This structural characteristic constitutes the baseline rule of the private civil circuit, fully guaranteeing the freedom of disposition for economic rights holders.
• Alienated — A female individual suffering from a severe mental disorder characterized by the loss of discernment and contact with reality; (adjectival) completely estranged socially, culturally, or emotionally, living in deep isolation. In a strict legal context, it refers to a feminine asset, land, or property right that has been formally and legally transferred, conveyed, or sold to another party.
• Alienation — An archaic legal and administrative form of the word 'alienare', widely used in old law codes of the 18th and 19th centuries (such as the Caragea or Calimach codes). The term defined the solemn act of transferring, selling, mortgaging, or donating real estate property or a boyar estate, as well as the deed by which an individual voluntarily relinquished inheritance rights or noble titles.
• Anatocism — A financial and legal practice consisting of calculating and charging interest on already accumulated and overdue interest, modernly known as capitalization of interest or compound interest. From a legal standpoint, anatocism is strictly regulated, restricted, or even prohibited in certain systems of civil and commercial law to prevent the abusive over-indebtedness of debtors through the exponential multiplication of amounts owed.
• Anatocism — An alternative or erroneous variant spelling for 'anatocism', describing the financial and legal practice of calculating and charging interest on already accumulated and overdue interest. This economic mechanism, modernly known in banking as interest capitalization or compound interest, is strictly regulated by law to protect consumers against exponential and abusive debt increases.
• Prior testator — A person who drafted a previous will or an earlier version of a last-will disposition, in relation to a more recent or amended testamentary legal document. In complex succession analysis, the term defines the deceased's capacity during the initial recording of their formal intentions.
• Antichresis — A convention or real security contract (specific to old civil law and commercial law) whereby a debtor yields the use and possession of an immovable (or movable) property to their creditor, allowing them to retain the fruits, rents, or revenues generated by the asset to cover interest or partially or fully extinguish the principal debt.