Academic Lexicon of Legal and Constitutional Terms

• Addendum — A supplementary act or element added to a pre-existing text, contract, treaty, or legal structure to complete, modify, or extend it; in a technical or general sense, it represents the addition of a part or a substance into an assembly, often functioning as a specialized synonym for addition.
• Adjunction — Union, joining, or structural addition of a secondary element to a main body or system; in civil law, it represents a form of property accession whereby two goods belonging to different owners are materially united into a single whole without losing their initial identity, such that their separation would become prejudicial. In logic and programming, it describes the operation of directly connecting variables or arguments within a linear structure.
• Adjudication — The act of adjudicating and its result; a legal and administrative act by which an asset put up for public auction, a procurement contract, or the execution of works is definitively assigned, by official decision, to the person who offered the most advantageous price or met the requested technical criteria.
• Admissible — That can be admitted, accepted, allowed, or taken into consideration; plausible, tolerable, permitted by law, logic, or social and moral norms. In the legal field, the term characterizes a request, evidence, or action that meets all formal and substantive conditions provided by procedural codes to be analyzed on its merits.
• Alienable — Capable of being alienated, transferred, sold, or legally assigned from one patrimony to another. In civil law, this adjective describes the legal status of most assets within the private commercial circuit, indicating that the owner possesses the full prerogative of legal disposition over them, as opposed to inalienable assets (such as public state property).
• Alienability — The quality or legal character of being alienable; the lawful capability of an asset, right, or property title to be validly transferred, sold, donated, or assigned from one patrimony to another. This structural characteristic constitutes the baseline rule of the private civil circuit, fully guaranteeing the freedom of disposition for economic rights holders.
• To amnesty — To grant amnesty; to clear, through an official legal act or a legislative decree, the criminal liability, legal consequences, and penalties applied to persons who committed certain offenses. In an extended structural sense, the term reflects a collective or individual pardon granted by the supreme authority of a state, symbolically erasing guilt for political or social reconciliation.
• Amnestiable — Fulfilling the legal conditions to benefit from an amnesty; a person, act, or sentence that falls within the criteria established by a clemency law adopted by Parliament. In a procedural context, it describes criminal elements susceptible to being annulled or erased through the direct effect of amnesty.
• Investigation — The act of systematically investigating a problem, an offense, or a situation of public interest, and its result; a set of investigations, hearings, and evidence gathering carried out by a judicial authority, an administrative commission, or by journalists to establish factual truth and identify responsible parties.
• Appealable — Subject to appeal or capable of being called; a judicial decision that is not final and can be challenged before a higher court according to the law. In telecommunications and computing, it describes a phone number, service, or software function that can be reached or executed through an electronic activation signal.
• Assessor — A member of a judicial panel or an administrative council tasked with assisting the chief magistrate in resolving a case; a lay judge. In the past or in comparative law, the term also designated a senior public official, a tax expert who appraised property, or a counselor attached to a princely or imperial court.
• Assessorship — The office, dignity, or title of an assessor; the period of time during which a person exercises the duties of an assistant magistrate, lay judge, or technical advisor in a court of law or an administrative body. It also designates the office, bureau, or collective body of these assistant magistrates who support the activity of a main judge.
• Authorizable — Capable of being authorized; meeting all substantive and formal conditions required by legislation to obtain an official permit, approval, or license. In urban planning and construction, the term describes a technical project or land plot that complies with local regulations, safety norms, and zoning parameters, making it eligible for execution approval.
• Ex officio notice — The act of taking self-notice and its result; the procedural or administrative act whereby a competent authority observes ex officio the existence of a criminal, civil, or administrative act and initiates an official action without a prior complaint filed by an injured party. It is an essential legal instrument for protecting the public interest and combating institutional corruption or crime.